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	<title>Wilson Ong&#039;s Blog</title>
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	<description>A blog for discussing interesting mathematical problems.</description>
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		<title>Wilson Ong&#039;s Blog</title>
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		<title>Happy Pi Day!</title>
		<link>http://wilsonong.wordpress.com/2011/03/14/happy-pi-day/</link>
		<comments>http://wilsonong.wordpress.com/2011/03/14/happy-pi-day/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Mar 2011 12:23:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Wilson Ong</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Miscellaneous]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wilsonong.wordpress.com/?p=180</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Today is the 14th of March (3/14), Pi day. Happy Pi day everyone!<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=wilsonong.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1017356&amp;post=180&amp;subd=wilsonong&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Today is the 14th of March (3/14), Pi day. Happy Pi day everyone!</p>
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		<title>When is cos(2*pi/n) rational?</title>
		<link>http://wilsonong.wordpress.com/2010/06/25/when-is-cos2pin-irrational/</link>
		<comments>http://wilsonong.wordpress.com/2010/06/25/when-is-cos2pin-irrational/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Jun 2010 09:05:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Wilson Ong</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Miscellaneous]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[For which positive integers is rational? We present a simple solution to this problem using Galois Theory. We claim is rational if and only if . Indeed, first note that for any automorphism (where ), we have for some . But it is geometrically clear (from the unit-circle definition of cosine) that if and only [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=wilsonong.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1017356&amp;post=150&amp;subd=wilsonong&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For which positive integers <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='n' title='n' class='latex' /> is <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Ccos%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cpi%7D%7Bn%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{n}' title='&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{n}' class='latex' /> rational? We present a simple solution to this problem using Galois Theory. We claim <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Ccos%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cpi%7D%7Bn%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{n}' title='&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{n}' class='latex' /> is rational if and only if <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n%3D1%2C2%2C3%2C4%2C6&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='n=1,2,3,4,6' title='n=1,2,3,4,6' class='latex' />. Indeed, first note that for any automorphism <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Csigma%5Cin+Gal%28%5Cmathbb%7BQ%7D%28%5Czeta_n%29%2F%5Cmathbb%7BQ%7D%29&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;sigma&#92;in Gal(&#92;mathbb{Q}(&#92;zeta_n)/&#92;mathbb{Q})' title='&#92;sigma&#92;in Gal(&#92;mathbb{Q}(&#92;zeta_n)/&#92;mathbb{Q})' class='latex' /> (where <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Czeta_n%3De%5E%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cpi+i%7D%7Bn%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;zeta_n=e^&#92;frac{2&#92;pi i}{n}' title='&#92;zeta_n=e^&#92;frac{2&#92;pi i}{n}' class='latex' />), we have <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Csigma%28%5Ccos%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cpi%7D%7Bn%7D%29%3D%5Csigma%28%5Cfrac%7B%5Czeta_n%2B%5Czeta_n%5E%7B-1%7D%7D%7B2%7D%29%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Czeta_n%5Ej%2B%5Czeta_n%5E%7B-j%7D%7D%7B2%7D%3D%5Ccos%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cpi+j%7D%7Bn%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;sigma(&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{n})=&#92;sigma(&#92;frac{&#92;zeta_n+&#92;zeta_n^{-1}}{2})=&#92;frac{&#92;zeta_n^j+&#92;zeta_n^{-j}}{2}=&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi j}{n}' title='&#92;sigma(&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{n})=&#92;sigma(&#92;frac{&#92;zeta_n+&#92;zeta_n^{-1}}{2})=&#92;frac{&#92;zeta_n^j+&#92;zeta_n^{-j}}{2}=&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi j}{n}' class='latex' /> for some <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=0%5Cleq+j%5Cleq+n-1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='0&#92;leq j&#92;leq n-1' title='0&#92;leq j&#92;leq n-1' class='latex' />. But it is geometrically clear (from the unit-circle definition of cosine) that <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Ccos%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cpi+j%7D%7Bn%7D%3D%5Ccos%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cpi%7D%7Bn%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi j}{n}=&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{n}' title='&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi j}{n}=&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{n}' class='latex' /> if and only if <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=j%3D1%2Cn-1&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='j=1,n-1' title='j=1,n-1' class='latex' />. Thus <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Ccos%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cpi%7D%7Bn%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{n}' title='&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{n}' class='latex' /> is fixed by at most two automorphisms. Now if <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Ccos%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cpi%7D%7Bn%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{n}' title='&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{n}' class='latex' /> is rational then it is fixed by every automorphism, so we must have <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7CGal%28%5Cmathbb%7BQ%7D%28%5Czeta_n%29%2F%5Cmathbb%7BQ%7D%29%7C%3D%5Cphi%28n%29%5Cleq+2&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='|Gal(&#92;mathbb{Q}(&#92;zeta_n)/&#92;mathbb{Q})|=&#92;phi(n)&#92;leq 2' title='|Gal(&#92;mathbb{Q}(&#92;zeta_n)/&#92;mathbb{Q})|=&#92;phi(n)&#92;leq 2' class='latex' />. This is only satisfied for <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n%3D1%2C2%2C3%2C4%2C6&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='n=1,2,3,4,6' title='n=1,2,3,4,6' class='latex' />, and it is clear <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Ccos%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cpi%7D%7Bn%7D&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{n}' title='&#92;cos&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{n}' class='latex' /> is rational for these <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=n&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='n' title='n' class='latex' />.</p>
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		<title>Mathematicians Land Top Spot in New Ranking of Best and Worst Occupations in the U.S.</title>
		<link>http://wilsonong.wordpress.com/2009/05/23/mathematicians-land-top-spot-in-new-ranking-of-best-and-worst-occupations-in-the-u-s/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 23 May 2009 07:13:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Wilson Ong</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Miscellaneous]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[According to an article in the Wall Street Journal, mathematicians have the best job in the U.S. &#8220;According to the study, mathematicians fared best in part because they typically work in favorable conditions &#8212; indoors and in places free of toxic fumes or noise &#8212; unlike those toward the bottom of the list like sewage-plant [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=wilsonong.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1017356&amp;post=90&amp;subd=wilsonong&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>According to <a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123119236117055127.html" target="_blank">an article in the Wall Street Journal</a>, mathematicians have the best job in the U.S. &#8220;According to the study, mathematicians fared best in part because they typically work in favorable conditions &#8212; indoors and in places free of toxic fumes or noise &#8212; unlike those toward the bottom of the list like sewage-plant operator, painter and bricklayer. They also aren&#8217;t expected to do any heavy lifting, crawling or crouching &#8212; attributes associated with occupations such as firefighter, auto mechanic and plumber&#8230; The study also considers pay, which was determined by measuring each job&#8217;s median income and growth potential. Mathematicians&#8217; annual income was pegged at $94,160&#8230;&#8221;</p>
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		<title>Beginning of a New Blog</title>
		<link>http://wilsonong.wordpress.com/2007/07/24/beginning-of-a-new-blog/</link>
		<comments>http://wilsonong.wordpress.com/2007/07/24/beginning-of-a-new-blog/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Jul 2007 09:05:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Wilson Ong</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Miscellaneous]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[The first post in this blog, two days after approximation day (22/7)&#8230; well it is only an approximation, 24/7 is still pretty close isn&#8217;t it? :s<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=wilsonong.wordpress.com&amp;blog=1017356&amp;post=12&amp;subd=wilsonong&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The first post in this blog, two days after <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cpi&amp;bg=ffffff&amp;fg=000000&amp;s=0' alt='&#92;pi' title='&#92;pi' class='latex' /> approximation day (22/7)&#8230; well it is only an approximation, 24/7 is still pretty close isn&#8217;t it? :s</p>
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